COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ADJECTIVES WITH ANTHROPONYMIC SEMANTICS IN GERMAN, RUSSIAN AND TATAR

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ADJECTIVES WITH ANTHROPONYMIC SEMANTICS IN GERMAN, RUSSIAN AND TATAR

Author:  F.H. Gilfanova, R.Т. Gilfanov

Affiliation:  Tyumen State University

Abstract:  Objective: comparison of the semantics of the anthroponymic lexical units in German, Russian and Tatar and discussing the ways of finding out the matching of an adjective in one language, if there are no formal correspondences to it in other languages. Theoretical and methodological basis of comparison is the theory of linguistic meaning. The comparison is made by transfer, on the basis of comparative linguistics of the text. The authors carried out the comparative analysis at the level of individual grammatical and lexical categories that serve the basis for text formation. In reaching the communicative equivalence the extra-linguistic phenomena play an important role. The authors compared adjectives in German, Russian and Tatar basing their observations on comparative anthroponymic semantics of lexical units. The main types of semantic correspondences discovered are: complete coincidence, overlapping, lack of coincidence. As the research shows, in the languages of different structures it is impossible to draw a distinct borderline between adjectives and nouns, for example, in Tatar some adjectives have no clear correspondence in other languages. In this case a noun “comes to the rescue” beginning to carry out the functions of an adjective; thus the process of contextual substantivization of an adjective takes place. Main conclusions: 1. We speak of the contextual substantivization of adjectives when nouns serve as adjectives in a certain way. 2. The most common formal criterion for distinguishing between adjectives and nouns in the languages of different structures is, according to our research, a place of the adjective and the substantive elements that can vary the value of the statement. 3. Among the relative adjectives in the Tatar language there stand out the possessive adjectives in which affixes of possessivity, depending on the person, can bring about emotiveness or supply the statement with a contextual relatedness.

Keywords:  the languages with different structures, border, nouns and adjectives, contextual substantivization of adjectives, formal correspondence.

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Pages:  119-127