EVIDENTIAL MEANINGS OF REPORTED SPEECH IN GERMAN FICTION

EVIDENTIAL MEANINGS OF REPORTED SPEECH IN GERMAN FICTION

Author:  O.A. Kostrova

Affiliation:  Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education

Abstract:  The paper continues the author’s previous work on evidentiality in German complement clauses. In this paper, the author offers a more exact definition of evidentiality as a category of fiction, distinguishing evidentiality as category and evidence as phenomenon. The analysis is based on speech act theory and takes into account relevance theory. The article expresses the opinion according to which the author creates a work of fiction as a global speech act that comprises many particular acts. Acts of reported speech include indirect speech and paraphrases of thoughts. The paper focuses on semantics of subjects that express real or supposed evidence owners.

Thus evidentiality is defined as a discursive category that indicates the relations between the person, who creates the information about an evident object, the narrator, who regards this person to be information owner, the fact of information transfer and the direction of information flow. The analysis applied helps elucidate implicit meanings of fiction, including the intention of the author or characters.

The results can be useful in lecturing on text interpretation, cognitive sciences, complement clauses and analysis of media texts.

Keywords:  state of evidentiality, evidence, verbs of speech and thinking, reported speech acts, complement clauses,metarepresentation, speaker meaning

References:  Andreeva V.A. Literaturnyy narrativ: tekst i diskurs. SPb., 2006.
Astakhova T.N. Polevaya struktura eviden-tsial'nosti v nemetskom mediatekste: avtoref. dis. … kand. filol. nauk. Arkhangel'sk, 2016.
Baber N.V. Realizatsiya kategorii evidentsial'nosti v nemetskom yazyke: avtoref. dis. … kand. filol. nauk. M.: MPGU, 2012.
Balli Sh. Obshchaya lingvistika i lingvistika frantsuzskogo yazyka. M.: Inostrannaya literatura, 1955.
Gundareva E.S., Kostrova O.A. Semiotika kosvennosti v nemetskom yazyke (na materiale slozhnopodchinennykh predlozheniy s pridatochnymi ob"ektnymi). Tol'yatti: Tol'yattinskiy universitet, 2005.
Kozintseva N.A. Kategoriya evidentsial'nosti (problemy tipologicheskogo analiza) // Voprosy yazykoznaniya. 1994. № 3. C. 92-104.
Levontina I. B. Pereskazyvatel'nost' v russkom yazyke: doklad na simpoziume «Dialog», 2010. URL: http://www.dialog-21.ru/digests/dialog2010/mate-rials/html/44.htm
Makartsev M.M. Kategoriya evidentsial'nosti v prostranstve balkanskogo teksta (na materiale bolgarskogo, makedonskogo i albanskogo yazykov): avtoref. dis. … kand. filol. nauk. M.: RAN, 2010.
Plungyan V.A. Vvedenie v grammaticheskuyu semantiku: grammaticheskie znacheniya i grammaticheskie sistemy yazykov. M.: RGGU, 2011.
Cheremisina M.I., Kolosova T.A. Ocherki po teorii slozhnogo predlozheniya. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987.
Choy Chzhi En. Sposoby peredachi chuzhoy rechi i tip khudozhestvennogo povestvovaniya (na materiale rasskaza A.P. Chekhova «Skripka Rotshil'da») // Yazyk, soznanie, kommunikatsiya: sbornik statey / otv. red. V.V. Krasnykh, A.I. Izotov. M.: MAKS-Press, 2000. Vyp. 14. S. 89-98.
Shipova I.A Kosvennaya rech' kak sposob kodirovaniya avtorskoy intentsii v khudozhestvennom tekste (na materiale romana Danielya Kel'manna «Izmeryaya mir») // Vestnik MGPU. 2014. Vyp. 2 (14). Seriya «Filologiya. Teoriya yazyka. Yazykovoe obrazovanie». S. 47 -54.
Yakimovich D.A. Sintaktiko-semanticheskaya kharakteristika kosvennoy rechi v angliyskom, nemetskom i russkom yazykakh (na materiale romanov XX–XXI vekov): dis. … kand. filol. nauk. M.: MPGU, 2015.
Yakobson R.O. Shiftery, grammaticheskie kategorii i russkiy glagol // Uspenskiy B. (otv. red.). Printsipy tipologicheskogo analiza yazykov razlichnogo stroya. M.: Nauka, 1972. C. 95-113.
Aikhenvald A. Evidentiality in Grammar // Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Keith Brown-Elsevier, 2006. Vol. 4. P. 320-325.
Aikhenvald A.Y., R.M.W. Dixon (ed.). Studies in Evidentiality. Amsterdam: Benjamin publishing company, 2003.
Canestrelli A., Mak P., Sanders T. The influence of genre on the processing of objective and subjective causal relations: Evidence from eye-tracking // Ninke Stukker, Wilbert Spooren, Gerard Steen (Eds.). Genre in Language, Discourse and Cognition (=Applications of Cognitive Linguistics 33). De Gruyter. Mouton 2016 / Academia Google. URL: https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&lr=&id=V4UqDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT68&ots=0Ayfl3BxOr &sig=-IQ97gE82VojEC1rs_MuP9tk4yk&redir_esc= y#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Diewald G., Smirnova E. Evidentiality in German. Linguistic Realization and Regularities in Grammaticalization. Berlin; N.Y.: de Gruyter, 2010.
Fauconnier G., Turner M. Conceptual Integration Networks // Cognitive Science, 22 (2). 1998.
P. 133-187. (Reprint with revisions, PDF. P. 1-72).
Ifantidou E. Evidentials and Relevance. Am-sterdam: John Benjamin, 2001.
Kostrova O.A. Kinds of evidentiality in Ger-man complement clauses // Pirrko Suihkonen and Lindsay J. Whaley (eds.). On Diversity and Complexity of Languages Spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. P. 311-338.
Krahl S., Kurz J. Kleines Wörterbuch der Stilkunde. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1975.
Sanders J., Redeker G. Perspective and Representation of Speech and Thought in Narrative Discourse // Gilles Fauconnier & Eve Sweetser (eds.). Space, Worlds and Grammar. University of Chicago Press, 1996. P. 290-317.
Sperber D., Wilson D. Introduction: prag-matics // Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber. Meaning and Relevance. Cambridge: University Press, 2012. P. 1-27.
Tantucci V. Toward a typology of constative speech acts: Actions beyond evidentiality, epistemic modality, and factuality // Intercultural Pragmatics, 2016. 13 (2). P. 181-209.
Wierzbicka A. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
Wilson D. Metarepresentation in linguistic communication // Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sper-ber. Meaning and Relevance. Cambridge: University Press, 2012. P. 230-258.
Böll H. Der blasse Hund: Erzählungen. Köln: Kippenhauer & Witsch, 1995.
Feuchtwanger L. Die Füchse im Weinberg: Roman. Berlin und Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1983.
Frisch M. Homo faber: Ein Bericht. Berlin: Verlag Volk und Welt. 1974.
Koeppen W. Jacob Littners Aufzeichnungen aus einem Erdloch: Roman. Frankfurt am Main: Jüdischer Verlag, 1992.
Müller H. Atemschaukel: Roman. München: Verlag Carl Hanser, 2009.
Nadolny S. Die Entdeckung der Langsam-keit: Roman. München: Piper Verlag, 2007.
Schlink B. Der Vorleser: Roman. Zürich: Diogenes Verlag, 1995.
Strauss B. Paare Passanten: Roman. Mün-chen. Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1981.
Walser M. Ein fliehendes Pferd: Novelle. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1993.
Walser M. Ein springender Brunnen: Roman. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1998.

Pages:  14-23